NTSB Factual Report

HISTORY OF FLIGHT

On October 20, 2014, at 1737 central daylight time, a CGS Aviation Hawk Arrow II airplane, N916H, impacted trees during approach for landing at the Country Air Estates Airport (1AR9), Lonoke, Arkansas. The pilot was fatally injured and the passenger sustained minor injuries. The aircraft was substantially damaged. The aircraft was registered to and operated by a private individual under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a personal flight. Day visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the local flight, which departed without a flight plan.

The front seat passenger stated that after a local 45 minute flight, the pilot (flying from the rear seat) entered a left base to Runway 18 at 1AR9. While in a left turn towards final, the passenger noticed the airplane fly past extended centerline for the runway, bank steeply to the left, and then nose over. The airplane impacted trees near the approach end of Runway 18 and came to rest in a tree, about 25 ft above ground level (agl). The passenger disconnected from his seat restraints and climbed down a tree. The pilot disconnected himself from his seat restraints and attempted to climb, but fell to the ground. After transport to a local hospital, the pilot passed away.

PERSONNEL INFORMATION

The pilot, age 75, held a commercial pilot certificate with airplane single engine land, rotorcraft helicopter, gyroplane, and sport ratings. He also held flight and ground instructor certificates. The pilot reported flight experience of 4,300 total flight hours and 0 hours in last six months during his exam for a third class medical certificate, dated December 19, 2013.

The aviation medical examiner (AME) did not issue a medical certificate during this exam, as the pilot was appealing a previous denial. The AME deferred issuance to the Aerospace Medical Certification Division of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), who on August 8, 2014, referred the case to the Medical Appeals Branch of the FAA, for final adjudication. The case was pending at the time of the accident.

The pilot's medical history included alcohol dependence in recovery since 2004, cirrhosis, anxiety/depression, splenomegaly with chronic anemia and thrombocytopenia, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, arrhythmia, and glaucoma. The pilot's medical history also included coronary artery disease treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 2009, as well as an aortic valve replacement in 2009, following an episode of endocarditis.

The pilot received medical certification denials from the FAA in 2010 and 2012, based on his history of CABG, neurocognitive deficits, unreported anxiety/medication use, and falsification of his medical applications. In the course of appealing these denials, the pilot underwent three neuropsychological evaluations. These evaluations placed the pilot's cognitive skills in the 30-50th percentile, as compared with other men of his age and education. The evaluations placed him at or below the 10th percentile, as compared to a sampling of the pilot community.

On October 14, 2014, the pilot accomplished a flight review in the accident airplane. The local flight's duration was 1.4 flight hours and included six landings at 1AR9. The flight review was the only flight recorded in the pilot's logbook since 2010.

The flight instructor who administered the flight review characterized the accident airplane as having a high drag profile in the pattern and that it was "easy to get slow". The flight instructor stated the pilot was sometimes slow to recognize a decaying airspeed in the pattern. This tendency was most prevalent during base turns, as the pilot preferred to glide with engine power set to idle. The flight instructor recommended a mid-power setting, but the pilot frequently reverted to setting idle power during the base turn.

AIRCRAFT INFORMATION

The CGS Aviation Hawk Arrow II, a light sport airplane, was issued an airworthiness certificate on May 6, 2013. The airplane was equipped with an HKS 700E twin-cylinder, 60-horsepower engine. The last annual inspection was performed on the airplane was January 1, 2014, with a total of 97.8 hours.

WEATHER INFORMATION

At 1753, the weather observation station at Adams Field Airport, Little Rock, Arkansas, located about 13 miles southwest of the accident site, reported wind 230 degrees at 5 knots, visibility 10 miles, few clouds at 15,000 ft agl, scattered clouds at 25,000 ft agl, temperature 21 degrees C, dew point negative 12 degrees C, and altimeter setting 30.02.

WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION

The airplane impacted into an area of trees located about 25 yards from large, open fields. Following recovery to a hangar at 1AR9, examination of the airplane revealed flight control continuity, with no anomalies of the flight control surfaces. The airplane was secured for an engine test run utilizing fuel onboard the airplane from the time of the accident. The engine started and ran normally for about 20 minutes. The engine was cycled several times between idle and full power, with no power interruptions or hesitations observed. Examination of the airframe and engine revealed no evidence of mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation.

MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION

On October 21, 2014, an autopsy was performed on the pilot by the State Crime Laboratory in Little Rock, Arkansas. The cause of death was multiple traumatic injuries.

Toxicology testing performed by the FAA's Bioaeronautical Research Laboratory identified citalopram, its metabolite N-desmethylcitalopram, and metoprolol in blood and urine. At the time of his last medical examination, the pilot reported treatment with prescription medications including citalopram for depression, lisinopril and metoprolol for blood pressure, spironolactone for hypertension, aspirin to prevent future heart attacks, furosemide (a diuretic) for leg swelling, latanoprost eye drops for glaucoma, and niacin for cholesterol.

NTSB Probable Cause

The pilot's loss of airplane control while turning onto the base leg of the traffic pattern due to his failure to maintain sufficient speed and/or overbanking, which resulted in the airplane impacting trees. Contributing to the pilot's fatal injuries was his fall from a tree after exiting the airplane.